Okwangoku, ulawulo olulungileyo luye lwamkelwa ngabaphathi abaninzi ngakumbi. Ukwenza umsebenzi omhle ekugcinweni kwansuku zonke kwezixhobo zempompo, kwakhona yindlela yokulawula, kufuneka iziswe kuluhlu lolawulo oluhle. Kwaye izixhobo zokumpompa umatshini njengenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe obubonakalayo, yeyona mveliso iphambili yokuveliswa koomatshini kunye nezixhobo. Ke ngoko, izixhobo zoomatshini zidlala indima engenakuthathelwa indawo kwimveliso. Kwakhona iba ngamandla okhuphiswano lweshishini lwangoku kunye nendawo yomfanekiso weshishini. Indlela yokugqiba umsebenzi wokuvelisa ngexesha, kunye nomgangatho omhle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, ngaphezu kwempompo yezixhobo zesayensi kunye nengqiqo, ngokukodwa kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kwesandi sempompo.

1. ukuphucula izinga lokusetyenziswa koomatshini kunye nezixhobo, nikela ingqalelo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwezoqoqosho

Ngaphantsi kweemeko zeengxaki zemali ezikhoyo, izixhobo zanamhlanje zibaluleke kakhulu. Iindleko zotyalo-mali lwezixhobo kunye nokusetyenziswa zibiza kakhulu. Ke ngoko, kungxamisekile ukuphucula inzuzo yezoqoqosho yolawulo lwezixhobo kwaye ubeke ingqalelo kwisiphumo sokusebenza. Kuphela ngumsebenzi olungileyo wokugcinwa kwezixhobo zempompo, unokuphucula izinga lokuthembeka kwesixhobo, izinga lokusetyenziswa, ngaloo ndlela ukunciphisa iindleko zokugcinwa komjikelo wobomi bezixhobo kunye nezinye iindleko ezingaqhelekanga, ukunciphisa iindleko zokusetyenziswa, ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo, kunye nokuphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kakuhle kutyalo-mali. Kwingqiqo eyandisiweyo yezixhobo, izixhobo zityalo-mali lwexesha elilodwa, ngelixa ukugcinwa kwexesha elide. Ngelo xesha, imali encinci yemali yokugcina inokunciphisa umjikelo wokutshintshwa kwezixhobo. Ngokwale mbono, ulondolozo lukwalutyalo-mali kunye nenzuzo engaphezulu.

2. Sebenzisa inkqubo ye-"TPM" ukwenzela ireferensi kunye nokuphumeza "Isiqinisekiso esinamandla kunye neSistim yoLawulo lweGroup Responsibility System"

Yintoni iTPM

I-TPM ithetha "imveliso epheleleyo kunye nokugcinwa kwabasebenzi", okwabekwa phambili ngamaJapan kwi-1970s. Yindlela yokuvelisa kunye nokugcinwa kunye nenxaxheba epheleleyo yabasebenzi. Amanqaku ayo aphambili "yimveliso nolondolozo" kunye "nothatho-nxaxheba ngokupheleleyo lwabasebenzi". Ukuphucula ukusebenza kwezixhobo ngokuseka umsebenzi wolondolozo lwenkqubo ngokubanzi obandakanya abasebenzi. Isiphakamiso se-TPM sisekelwe kwinkqubo yokuvelisa kunye nokugcinwa kwe-United States, kwaye iphinda ithathe ubunjineli bezixhobo ezidibeneyo zase-United Kingdom. Ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukeneyo zelizwe, i-TPM iqondwa njengokusetyenziswa kwemveliso kunye nokugcinwa kwemisebenzi kuquka nabaqhubi ukuphucula ukusebenza ngokubanzi kwezixhobo.

I-TPEM: ULawulo lweZixhobo ezineMveliso luthetha uLawulo lweZixhobo zeMveliso. Lo ngumbono omtsha wogcino ophuhliswe yi-International TPM Association. Isekelwe kwiimpawu zenkcubeko engeyiyo yaseJapan. Yenza ukufakwa kweTPM kumzi-mveliso kuphumelele ngakumbi. Ihluke kwi-TPM eJapan, iguquguquka ngakumbi. Ngamanye amazwi, unokugqiba umxholo we-TPM ngokweemfuno zangempela zezixhobo zezityalo, ezinokuthiwa yindlela eguquguqukayo.

Oku kubizwa ngokuba yisondlo esisinyanzelo

Ngumthetho onzima kwaye okhawulezayo wolondolozo, kwaye kufuneka wenziwe ngelo xesha. Izinga lokuthembeka kunye nobomi benkonzo yezixhobo zoomatshini ubukhulu becala buxhomekeke kumgangatho womsebenzi wolondolozo. Ukuba ukungahoywa kokugcinwa kobugcisa koomatshini, kwiingxaki zezixhobo zoomatshini ngaphambi kokugcinwa, kuya kukhokelela ngokuqinisekileyo ukuguga kwangaphambili kunye nokukrazula kwezixhobo, ukunciphisa ubomi, ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo zonke iintlobo zezixhobo, kwaye kwanokubeka engozini ukhuseleko lwemveliso. Thatha impompo yokuhanjiswa kwempompo yangaphandle yesikhululo seManyano njengomzekelo, ukuvala ngakunye kunciphisa umthamo wokuhanjiswa kwelindle ngaphandle kwe-250m3 / h, okuya kubangela ukunqongophala kogutyulo lwangaphandle kunye nokuhanjiswa kwangaphandle kwisikhululo seManyano, okungachaphazeli nje okuqhelekileyo. ukuveliswa kwesikhululo seManyano, kodwa kwandisa ubunzima kulawulo lwemveliso. Kwangaxeshanye, ilindle langaphandle nalo liya kubangela umonakalo kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Into ebizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yokuphendula kwiqela

Ikakhulu ixhomekeke kumsebenzi ukufumanisa ingxaki ekusebenzeni kwemihla ngemihla, ukusingatha ingxaki, ukulungiswa okuncinci kunye nombutho omkhulu wokulungisa, umda ophezulu uphakamisa izixhobo zoomatshini ngokugqibeleleyo.

3. izixhobo zokumpompa ukugcinwa kwemihla ngemihla.

Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo zempompo mihla le ngumsebenzi osisiseko wokugcinwa kwezixhobo, kukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo koomatshini kunye nezixhobo ilitye lembombo eliqinileyo. Ulondolozo lwemihla ngemihla lwesixhobo lulolongo lwemihla ngemihla kunye nokugcinwa kwamanqanaba amaninzi. Kugcino lwesiqhelo lwemihla ngemihla, kufuneka luhambelane ne: ukucoceka, ukucoceka, ukuthambisa, ukuqina, uhlengahlengiso, ukubola, ukhuseleko lwamagama ali-14.

3.1 ulondolozo lwemihla ngemihla

Ulondolozo lwemihla ngemihla luya kwenziwa ngabaqhubi bezixhobo besemsebenzini. Ngaphambi kokutshintsha, khangela irekhodi yokutshintsha, uhlolisise izixhobo zokusebenza kwaye ukhangele iiparameters zokuvelisa. Ngexesha lenkqubo, mamela isandi esibalekayo, iva ubushushu besixhobo, ubone ukuba uxinzelelo lwemveliso, inqanaba lolwelo, umqondiso wesixhobo awuqhelekanga.

Ukujongana neengxaki emsebenzini ngaphambi kokuba uphume emsebenzini, gcwalisa irekhodi yeshifti kunye nerekhodi yezixhobo zokusebenza, kwaye uphathe iinkqubo zokudluliselwa.

3.2 Ukugcinwa kwamanqanaba amaninzi

Ukugcinwa kwamanqanaba amaninzi kwenziwa ngokwexesha eliqokelelweyo lezixhobo zokusebenza. Isixhobo sempompo sekhompyutha encinci sisebenza ngoku kulandelayo: eyongezelekayo 240h yolondolozo lwenqanaba lokuqala, eyongezelekayo iqhuba 720h yogcino lwenqanaba lesibini, eyongezelelweyo iqhuba i-1000h yolondolozo lwenqanaba lesithathu. Isixhobo sempompo somatshini esiphambili sihambelana noku: ukuqhubela phambili ngokuqokelela i-1000h yolondolozo lwenqanaba lokuqala, ukugcinwa ngokudibeneyo kwe-3000h yenqanaba lesibini, ukugcinwa ngokudibeneyo kwe-10000h kwinqanaba lesithathu.

(1) Jonga inkangeleko. Amalungu othumelo kunye neendawo ezivelileyo, akukho mhlwa, indawo ecocekileyo engqongileyo.

(2) Jonga indawo yothumelo. Khangela imeko yobugcisa yecandelo ngalinye, qinisa inxalenye ekhululekileyo, ulungelelanise imvume echanekileyo, khangela imeko yokunxiba yokuthwala kunye nokuthwala i-bushing, khangela kwaye ubeke indawo yeplate yebhalansi, umsesane womlomo kunye ne-impeller, njl., Ukuze ufezekise okuqhelekileyo, okukhuselekileyo. kunye nesandi esithembekileyo sothumelo.

(3) Khangela ukuthambisa. Khangela ukuba izalathisi zokusebenza zeoyile yokuthambisa kunye negrisi zifanelekile, nokuba isihluzi sivaliwe okanye simdaka, yongeza ioyile entsha ngokwenqanaba leoli kwitanki yeoli okanye utshintshe ioyile ngokubhekiselele kumgangatho weemveliso zeoli. Ukufezekisa i-oyile ecocekileyo, i-oyile egudileyo, akukho kuvuza, akukho kulimala.

(4) Inkqubo yombane. Sula i-motor, khangela i-wiring terminals ye-motor kunye ne-power supply cable, khangela i-insulation kunye nomhlaba, ukuze uphelele, ucoceke, uqine kwaye uthembekile.

(5) Umbhobho wokulungisa. Nokuba kukho ukuvuza kwevalve, iswitshi ibhetyebhetye, isihluzo sivaliwe.

4. ukuphucula imilinganiselo yenqanaba lokugcinwa kwesixhobo sempompo.

Ukuze kuphuculwe umgangatho wokugcinwa kwezixhobo zoomatshini, kunokwenziwa ngamanyathelo amabini:

(1) Kumsebenzi wokulondoloza ukufezekisa ezintathu, oko kukuthi, ukulinganisa, iteknoloji, iziko. Ukumiswa komgangatho kukumanyanisa umxholo wokugcinwa, kubandakanywa ukucocwa kweenxalenye, ukulungiswa kweengxenye, ukuhlolwa kwesixhobo kunye neminye imixholo ethile, ngokweempawu zemveliso zeshishini ngalinye ukuphuhlisa amalungiselelo ahambelanayo. Inkqubo ihambelana nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokulondoloza, ngokweenkqubo zolondolozo. I-institutionalization kukuchaza umjikelo wolondolozo kunye nexesha lolondolozo ngokweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuziphumeza ngokungqongqo.

(2) Inkqubo yekhontrakthi yogcino. Ugcino lwezixhobo lungakhutshwa ngekontraka. Abasebenzi bolondolozo baya kwenza umsebenzi wokugcinwa kwezixhobo kwindawo ethile yemveliso, basebenze kunye nabaqhubi bemveliso kugcino lwemihla ngemihla, ukuhlola ukhenketho, ukugcinwa rhoqo, ukulungiswa okucwangcisiweyo kunye nokusombulula iingxaki, njl. njl., kwaye baqinisekise izinga lokuthembeka kwesixhobo kunye nezinye izalathi zovavanyo lwesivumelwano isikhundla, ezinxulunyaniswa novavanyo lwentsebenzo kunye nebhonasi. Inkqubo yekhontrakthi yolondolozo yindlela efanelekileyo yokomeleza inkonzo yokugcinwa kwezixhobo zokuvelisa, ukuvuselela umdla wabasebenzi bezolondolozo kunye nenyathelo labasebenzi bemveliso.

Kumashishini amashishini anamhlanje, izixhobo zinokubonisa ngokuthe ngqo idigri yesimanje kunye nenqanaba lolawulo lweshishini, lihlala kwindawo ebaluleke kakhulu kwimveliso kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lweshishini, kwaye lidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kumgangatho, imveliso, iindleko zemveliso, umsebenzi. ukugqitywa, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokusingqongileyo komntu komatshini weemveliso zeshishini. Ke ngoko, izixhobo zidlale indima eqinisekileyo ekusindeni nasekuphuhliseni amashishini emveliso kunye nokhuphiswano lwentengiso. Umsebenzi wokugcinwa kwezixhobo unxulumene ngokusondeleyo nemveliso yeshishini kunye nokusebenza kunye neenzuzo, ngokukodwa izixhobo zeshishini zangoku zihlala zihlaziywa, ukuchaneka okuphezulu, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu, izixhobo ezizenzekelayo ziyanda, ngakumbi zibonisa ukubaluleka kokugcinwa kwezixhobo kunye nomsebenzi wokulondoloza.

Ukuphunyezwa kolawulo lwezohlwayo yinguqu ukusuka kulawulo olubanzi ukuya kulawulo olunzulu. Ngaba olu tshintsho luvelayo alubonisi ukuvela kweembono?

Ulawulo olusulungekileyo lwezixhobo kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa ngumsebenzi wexesha elide, ukusebenza kwempompo yomatshini kuphuculwe, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kuyinto engenakuphepheka, ishishini aligcini nje ukuqhubeka nokujula, ukukhuthaza, kodwa nokuqhubeka basebenzise izibonelelo kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ukwenza ezabo. Ukusebenzisa rhoqo uhlalutyo olucokisekileyo kunye nokucwangcisa ukuguqula isicwangciso sabo sokulawula ukulungelelanisa utshintsho kunye nokhuphiswano lwendalo yangaphandle.

Abantu bamandulo bathi: "inzuzo inkulu kunonyango, umonakalo ungaphezu kwesiphithiphithi". Iqela lizinzile, ngoko ke ulawulo lwempompo, lusisiseko sophuhliso oluzinzileyo lwamashishini. Oku kwakhona kukugcinwa kwempompo yomatshini, ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nomsebenzi wokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweyona nto.